فصلنامه نگرش های نو در جغرافیای انسانی
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 52، پاییز 1400)

In recent years, the subject of Visual quality analysis of residential building walls and its ability to be translated into the language of environment and architecture in historical works, has been considered by researchers in this field of knowledge and experts in this field have tried to apply these concepts in Today's architecture, to deal with the excellence of modern buildings arising from the knowledge of historical buildings. For this purpose, the main purpose of this study is to investigate and develop an analytical model of visual quality of residential building walls in Qajar historical houses in Tabriz in order to assess the impact of quality factors between residential wall elements on visual, physical and mental attractiveness. In this regard, the present study is applied based on the purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection in which 50 experts were used in the research process. Accordingly, in order to achieve the objectives of the study, two software SPSS 26 (to provide descriptive information) and 3 Smart PLS (to provide a model of structural equations and measure the effect of variables) were used. The results of the study show a positive, strong and significant effect of elements with visual quality (Route coefficient 0.667), a relatively strong and significant effect of quality elements on the physical factors (Route coefficient 0.567) and finally a moderate and significant effect of quality factors (Route coefficient 0.447) It is based on the mental components in the residential walls of Qajar houses. The approach selected in the present study is one of the new approaches whose results can re-read in today's residential buildings in the way of expressing and introducing physical communication and the continuity of outdoor space.

In many cities, the spatial pattern of educational uses for various reasons such as the location of annoying uses such as industrial, military, gas stations, medical use, etc. is not very favorable. This reduces the quality of school services and the negative impact It has a body on the students. Therefore, in locating educational spaces, the necessary principles and criteria must be observed so that these spaces are compatible with other urban uses. In this regard, the present study evaluates and spatially analyzes the uses of high school educational centers in district one of Tabriz metropolis with other urban uses using a combination of multi-criteria decision models AHP and fuzzy model and using the facilities of GIS to analyze the criteria Compatibility, desirability, capacity and dependence have been taken. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and the sample size includes all high schools in one district of Tabriz. The results of the spatial spatial status of high schools in district one of Tabriz metropolis show the unfavorable situation of high schools in this area in terms of spatial distribution. In evaluating the utility matrix in relation to slope and distance indicators from the river, except for 4 schools which are in relatively unfavorable condition, all schools are in good condition. Out of 77 high schools studied in this area, 11 high schools are in the perfectly suitable range and 15 high schools are in the relatively suitable range, also 30 high schools in this area are in poor condition in terms of spatial distribution.

The vulnerability of cities despite the natural disasters that have occurred in recent years in the country is increasing. Earthquake is one of the most important natural threat factors in Iran. Earthquake risk map in Iran shows that a large area of Iran is in the high risk area and the area with very high earthquake risk, among which the city of Rasht is in the high risk and very high risk area. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the physical resilience of earthquakes in the central part of Rasht. Due to the high probability of earthquakes in Rasht, high density of activity and population, while considering the high density of buildings, a significant part of which is old and worn, infrastructure and other important indicators considered in the research; the central area of Rasht is vulnerable to a possible earthquake. The main question of the research is what is the physical resilience of the central fabric of Rasht against earthquakes? In this study, by selecting four categories of physical resilience indicators against earthquakes and using a combined model of Fuzzy logic and AHP, the importance of indicators is determined. Finally, the collected information in the form of weighted information layers in GIS software version 10.3 becomes an analytical map of the resilience status (ERM) of the study area. This map, which was prepared for the first time, shows that according to the four major indicators of physical resilience of the central fabric of Rasht, the situation of the Rasht market is on the verge of alarm and the critical situation against a possible earthquake. In general, 27% of the studied tissue is in a completely vulnerable and relatively vulnerable condition.

In this research, by evaluating the dimensions of the realization of the elderly-friendly city, the neighborhoods of District 3 of Karaj metropolis are examined. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In this study to analyze data from inferential methods; Single sample t test; ANOVA and post hoc test were used. Based on the findings of t-test, the overall index of the elderly-friendly city in the study area with an average of 3.47 and a t-statistic of -70.701 is lower than the theoretical average or numerical desirability of the test (3.5). In general, there is no acceptable assessment from the citizens' point of view. But among the dimensions of dimensions, it can be said that the dimensions of transportation and access (4.15) and social respect and acceptance (3.71) have had an acceptable status. But from the residents' point of view, the dimensions of open spaces and buildings (3.39), housing (3.06) and social participation (3.04) had the weakest situation. The results of post hoc test show that the evaluation of dimensions is not the same and there is a significant difference in the level of neighborhoods. Among these, the dimension of transportation and access with the value of F, 21.01 has the most differences and it can be said that in the dimension of social participation, the difference between the realization of an elderly friendly city in the studied areas is more than other dimensions. After that, the dimension of social respect and acceptance with the value of F, 17.03, open spaces and buildings with the statistic of 14.32, housing with the statistic of 11.03 and social participation with the statistic of 9.36 are in the next ranks.

Cities are attractive to tourists because of their historical roots, recreational facilities. The diversity of attractions doubles the importance of examining the role of each element of tourism in the development of urban tourism. This study aims to investigate the role of of the components of tourism in the metropolis of Tabriz in the development of tourism. The method of research is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of this study is tourists from Tabriz metropolis (1500000 people). Using the random sampling method, 384 people have selected as the sample size. The required data has collected as a statistical questionnaire and a Delphi questionnaire. The variables of this study are 51 variables. Statistical analysis of factor analysis, multivariate regression, and Pearson correlation test has used, and the ANP model was used to prioritize the criteria and urban areas. The results of factor analysis led to a 51-variable reduction to 5 factors (Historical-cultural centers, food, souvenirs and handicrafts, shopping centers, recreation and education centers, treatment and employment) capable of explaining 95.8% of variance changes. The results of the Pearson correlation showed that the variables of Tabriz's historical bazaar, Tabriz's shoes, historic houses, Tabriz carpets, and museums are more correlated with tourism development. Also, the results of regression findings, while confirming the effectiveness of cultural and historical variables as the main element of tourism in Tabriz, showed that 71.1% of variance changes explained by variables. The results of the ANP model showed that Region 8 of Tabriz metropolis has more points than other regions due to the existence of historical elements and the place of offering carpets and souvenirs of Tabriz. Due to the difference in tourist attractions in different areas of the metropolis, it is recommended that tourism planning in each urban area be tailored to the tourism potentials of that area.

The purpose of this study is to design a model for sustainable development of rural entrepreneurship with emphasis on e-tourism in Golestan province. The present research is applied and developmental and is of descriptive-survey and correlational research. The statistical population in the qualitative stage includes 50 university experts and in the quantitative stage, the managers of tourism companies and rural ICT offices are 400 people. To determine the sample size of experts, snowball census and sampling method was used, so the sample size was 50 people and for managers from Krejcie and Morgan table, therefore, the sample size of managers was 196 people and the sampling method was simple random. For this purpose, first using Delphi-fuzzy method and having the opinion of experts, 20 e-tourism indicators were identified and using confirmatory factor analysis into six general categories (Internet services, human resource development and training, community culture development, government support, security and use The Internet was divided into other matters related to the people) and then the relationships between the research variables were determined using the method of structural equations. It is worth mentioning that software such as Excel, Spss, Lisrel were used to analyze the data and finally the model was fitted and presented based on the performed analyzes.

The health tourism industry can act as a driving force and develop ancillary industries.Often the development of health tourism takes place without planning, although there are cases where tourism is deliberately planned using the growth pole strategy.This strategy includes creating health tourism facilities in places that are strategically suitable as centers for promoting tourism development and health development. The present study tries to evaluate the pattern and model of growth pole in health tourism. In this research, the Delphi method and the Likert scale (5-1) have been used with the consensus and agreement of experts and specialists and through a questionnaire and in Excel environment. The Delphi method is a method to reach the consensus of experts on various topics and after approval, it is known as a theory.This agreement is expressed as the percentage and average response of experts. A percentage above 51% indicates the consensus of the elite and less than 51% indicates a rejection of the theory. Findings show that the city of Tabriz has the necessary capabilities to become a health tourism hub by considering the growth pole strategy.

The problem of providing housing for low - income categories is considered not only in Iran but also in many countries in the world, and so far, different policies have been considered and implemented to provide housing for low - income groups. in other words, the development of social damage in housing is one of the most important issues that need to be addressed by planners and architects in designing and organizing housing that have been the main necessity of this research. The statistical population of this study was residents of SADRA Township, which in the cluster method, 136 were surveyed as samples. The research tool was used to assess the quality and physical properties of the stamp to reduce social counterproductive. In order to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used, which was calculated by 83 per cent attitude questionnaire, which indicates the reliability of the questionnaire. The results of the study showed that the factors and indices used for measurement and evaluation of the MEHR housing project were identified in four factors which were named indicators of facilities, economic, environmental and socio - cultural indexes.

Facing the challenges of the business environment requires capabilities, the most important of which is resilience. Resilience gives companies the ability to survive and thrive in the face of adverse conditions. One of the businesses that has attracted the attention of entrepreneurs and development planners in recent years is ecotourism. Because ecotourism businesses always face many challenges, it is important to build and develop resilience capacity in them. Accordingly, this study aims to design a technology-based strategic resilience model in start- up ecotourism businesses. The present study is a qualitative research in which the data theory of the foundation method was conducted with a focus on in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 18 experts. Key informants participating in this study included entrepreneurs, managers, professors, and experts in the field of ecotourism. At the end of this process, the reliability and validity of the model designed by 8 professors was evaluated and finally the proposed model was approved by these people with the necessary modifications. At the end of the research, suggestions were made to improve the performance and status of technology- based strategic resilience in start-up ecotourism businesses.

Earthquake of the main struggling issues with a long lasting history. Similar to many Iranian cities, Doroud has been also placed in an area with high risk of earthquake occurrence.With respect to the unexpectancy of earthquake, an attempt must be made with the aim of diminishing its economic loss and the casualties. Moreover, other factors such as decreasing post occurrence damage, post occurrence crisis management, to make urban resilience against earthquake should be considered.Nowadays, resilience has been applied in various fields specially in crisis management and unexpected events.the main intention of crisis management and planning has been directed mainly towards resilience in the societies, which is parallel to the main aim of causality mitigation. In the current work, with respect to the significance of resilience in natural disasters such as earthquake, the available physical documentary of Doroud have been investigated.the investigation method is descriptive and analytic. The investigates documentary includes building, steel structure, reinforced concrete, Wooden based buildings,sun-dried brick and clay, brick and wooden, full brick and brick and iron buildings, distance from fault, distance from open zones, access lines and also population density in Doroud urban zones. Statistical layers have been analyzed utilizing fuzzy method in Geographic Information System.The yielded results in Gamma Operator indicate that the southern and south eastern zones of Doroud are not physically appropriate with respect to resilience against earthquake. As a general weighting is the results, one can state that apart from central zones, the whole city is not in a normal status.

The present study seeks to measure the variables that affect the formation of reverse migration in the villages of central part of Dezful city. This research is a practical and descriptive- analytical methodology. Documentation and fieldwork have been used to collect information. Sampling method In this research, quotas were sampled and questionnaires were filled out by simple random sampling between households. The results of t-test showed that, from the viewpoint of immigrants, economic index is the most important factor affecting the formation of return migration. Also, the results of linear regression test indicate that the variables of age, sex, native belonging and residence distance are influential in return migration. According to Friedman's test, access to underlying, communication, welfare and administrative services has been more important than other variables. Finally, the results of the fuzzy system indicate that the studied villages are in total the return of high migration.

Undoubtedly, travelogues do not only have a literary and fictional dimension, but also contain some valuable scientific information about the geography, culture, politics, economy and geography of the regions. Nasser Khosrow's travelogue should undoubtedly be considered one of the most brilliant travelogues of Persian literature, because a masterly sage like Nasser Khosrow, relying on science and knowledge, as well as with complete truthfulness and only by recording his objective observations, away from the interference of emotions. And personal emotions have taken over the pen and created such an effect. The purpose of this article is to identify and analyze the components of urban geography in Naser Khosrow's travelogue. The main question of the article is how the components of urban geography in Nasser Khosrow's travelogue have been identified and studied? The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical. The results of this article show that Naser Khosrow's travelogue is a multidimensional and complete set of information that is significant for any person with different tastes and is one of the most basic sources of research and research in the political, social, anthropological, environmental and historical fields. And are geographical. In this research, after stating the introduction and several definitions, we intend to identify the components of urban geography in Naser Khosrow's travelogue and its various dimensions in Naser Khosrow's travelogue.